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原版阅读节选
今天我们一起阅读诺贝尔文学奖获得者石黑一雄的The Remains of The Day中的一段文字，今天是第2次阅读这部作品。
建议大家先看英文部分，然后再看中文内容提要，这样才能不断积累词汇并提高自己的阅读理解能力。
红色标出的总结如下：
1. 常规词汇：
trivial, occur, faulty, devote, accusation, dismissal, devise, amend-amendment, immediate, retain, recruit, fulfil, instance, possess, venture, dependable, inconsiderable, residence-residency, expertise, ensure, assure-reassurance, obliged
• trivial: 琐碎的
• occur: 发生
• faulty: 有缺陷的，有错误的
• devote: 献身于，致力于
• accusation: 指控
• dismissal: 解雇，开除
• devise: 设计，发明
• amend-amendment: 修改-修正案
• immediate: 立即的
• retain: 保持，保留
• recruit: 招募
• fulfil: 履行，完成
• instance: 实例，例子
• possess: 拥有
• venture: 冒险，企业
• dependable: 可靠的
• inconsiderable adj. 不足取的；不值得考虑的
• residence-residency: n.住所-n.居住资格
• expertise: 专业知识，专长
• ensure: 确保
• assure-reassurance: v.保证- n.再保证，安心
• obliged: 有义务的，感激的
2. 高频词组：
be responsible for, a series of, carry out, without exception, be accustomed to doing sth., commit an error, ponder over, derive from, be in agreement with, draw up a plan, at fault, take up residence, in the meantime, regret to do sth., be worthy of, set about doing sth, call upon, a wide range of, do one’s best to do sth., mean doing sth.
• be responsible for: 对…负责
• a series of: 一系列
• carry out: 执行，实施
• without exception: 没有一例外
• be accustomed to doing sth.: 习惯于做某事
• commit an error: 犯错误
• ponder over: 深思熟虑
• derive from: 源自，源于
• be in agreement with: 同意，与…一致
• draw up a plan: 制定计划
• at fault: 有过错，犯错
• take up residence: 迁入居住
• in the meantime: 同时，其间
• regret to do sth.: 遗憾/后悔做某事
• be worthy of: 值得
• set about doing sth: 开始着手做某事
• call upon: 访问，号召
• a wide range of: 广泛的
• do one’s best to do sth.: 尽最大努力做某事
• mean doing sth.: 意味着做某事
3. 生词与词组：
sinister, butler, cut short, be attributed to, slovenly-slovenliness, predecessor, administer, premililary, daunting, scepticism.
• sinister: 阴险的，不祥的
• butler: 男管家
• cut short: 中断，缩短
• be attributed to: 归因于
• slovenly-slovenliness:adj. 杂乱没有章的- n.邋遢
• predecessor: 前任
• administer: 管理，执行
• preliminary: 初步的，预备的
• daunting: 令人畏惧的
• scepticism: 怀疑论，怀疑态度
4. 语法与句型：
a. nevertheless 然而，不过
“nevertheless” 是一个副词，用于表示尽管有前面所述的情况或事实，后面的情况还是发生了，或者某个观点依然成立。它表达了一种转折或对比关系，但语气较为温和。
例如：”It was raining heavily. Nevertheless, the game continued.”（雨下得很大，然而比赛仍在继续。）
b. What had occurred was this.What引导主语从句
“what” 在这里作为一个引导词，用来引导一个主语从句，即一个句子充当整个大句的主语。主语从句通常放在谓语动词之前，而”what” 在此结构中既做引导词也做从句中的主语。
例如：”What he said surprised everyone.”（他说的话让每个人都很惊讶。）
在”What had occurred was this.” 中，”What had occurred” 是主语从句，指代发生的某件事情，”was this” 是主句的谓语部分，说明那件事情的具体内容。
c. although引导让步状语从句
“although” 是一个从属连词，用于引导让步状语从句，表达“尽管”、“虽然”的意思，表明尽管存在某个可能对立或不利的情况，但主要句子的动作或状态仍然成立。
例如：”Although it was raining, she decided to go out.”（尽管外面在下雨，她还是决定出去。）
d. as though引导方式状语从句
“as though” 用来引导方式状语从句，表达“好像”、“仿佛”的含义，说明动作发生的方式或状态。它描述的是主句动作如同从句所描述的那样进行，常用于比喻或夸张的表达。
例如：”She acted as though she knew everyone at the party.”（她表现得好像认识聚会上的每一个人似的。）
e. were it to prove necessary, then an additional member of staff could be hired.虚拟语气
虚拟语气的一种特殊结构，称为倒装条件句。在标准的条件句中，如果主句描述的是与现在或未来事实相反的情况，会使用”if + were to + 动词原形”的结构来表达。然而，在正式或书面英语中，有时会将这种条件从句的部分内容进行倒装，即把were提前到句首，从而省略if，形成一种更为紧凑和强调的表达方式。这句话的完整非倒装形式应该是”If it were to prove necessary, then an additional member of staff could be hired.” 意为“如果证明有必要的话，那么可以雇佣额外的员工。”
5. 副词：
usually, immediately, strangely, hardly
• usually:平常地 or 通常
• immediately: 立刻or 马上
• strangely: 奇怪地
• hardly: 几乎不or 很少 [Note: “hardly” can mean “almost not” or “barely”]
6.文化常识:
“Alarmist theories”指的是那些倾向于夸大事实、过度渲染潜在危险或危机的理论。这些理论常常引起不必要的恐慌或担忧，因为它们可能基于对情况的极端解读或是对数据和信息的选择性使用。Alarmist theories可以涉及多个领域，如环境保护、经济预测、公共卫生、国际关系等，其特点在于强调最坏可能的结果，有时缺乏充分的科学依据或忽视了实际情况的复杂性与多维度。这类理论的传播者被称为”alarmists”，他们可能出于各种动机，包括唤起公众注意、推动特定议程或简单地出于对未来的深度忧虑。
（本段文字配套音频）
PROLOGUE:JULY 1956
DARLINGTONHALL
Thefact is, over the past few months, I have been responsible for a series ofsmall errors in the carrying out of my duties. I should say that these errorshave all been without exception quite trivial in themselves. Nevertheless, Ithink you will understand that to one not accustomed to committing such errors,this development was rather disturbing, and I did in fact begin to entertainall sorts of alarmist theories as to their cause. As so often occurs in thesesituations, I had become blind to the obvious — that is, until my ponderingover the implications of Miss Kenton’s letter finally opened my eyes to thesimple truth: that these small errors of recent months have derived fromnothing more sinister than a faulty staff plan.
Itis, of course, the responsibility of every butler to devote his utmost care inthe devising of a staff plan. Who knows how many quarrels, false accusations,unnecessary dismissals, how many promising careers cut short can be attributedto a butler’s slovenliness at the stage of drawing up the staff plan? Indeed, Ican say I am in agreement with those who say that the ability to draw up a goodstaff plan is the cornerstone of any decent butler’s skills. I have myselfdevised many staff plans over the years, and I do not believe I am being undulyboastful if I say that very few ever needed amendment. And if in the presentcase the staff plan is at fault, blame can be laid at no one’s door but my own.At the same time, it is only fair to point out that my task in this instancehad been of an unusually difficultorder.
Whathad occurred was this. Once the transactions were over — transactions whichhad taken this house out of the hands of the Darlington family after twocenturies -Mr. Farraday let it be known that he would not be taking upimmediate residence here, but would spend a further four months concludingmatters in the United States. In the meantime, however, he was most keen thatthe staff of his predecessor — a staff of which he had heard high praise – beretained at Darlington Hall. This ‘staff’ he referred to was, of course,nothing more than the skeleton team of six kept on by Lord Darlington’srelatives to administer to the house up to and throughout the transactions; andI regret to report that once the purchase had been completed, there was littleI could do for Mr. Farraday to prevent all but Mrs. Clements leaving for otheremployment.
When I wrote to my new employer conveying my regrets at thesituation, I received by reply from America instructions to recruit a new staff‘worthy of a grand old English house’. I immediately set about trying to fulfilMr. Farraday’s wishes, but as you know, finding recruits of a satisfactorystandard is no easy task nowadays, and although I was pleased to hire Rosemaryand Agnes on Mrs. Clements’s recommendation, I had got no further by the time Icame to have my first business meeting with Mr. Farraday during the shortpreliminary visit he made to our shores in the spring of last year. It was onthat occasion – in the strangely bare study of Darlington Hall -that Mr.Farraday shook my hand for the first time, but by then we were hardly strangersto each other; quite aside from the matter of the staff, my new employer inseveral other instances had had occasion to call upon such qualities as it maybe my good fortune to possess and found them to be, I would venture,dependable.
Soit was, I assume, that he felt immediately able to talk to me in a businesslikeand trusting way, and by the end of our meeting, he had left me with theadministration of a not inconsiderable sum to meet the costs of a wide range ofpreparations for his coming residency。 In any case, my point is that it wasduring the course of this interview, when I raised the question of thedifficulty of recruiting suitable staff in these times, that Mr。 Farraday,after a moment’s reflection, made his request of me; that I do my best to drawup a staff plan – ‘some sort of servants’ rota’ as he put it – by which thishouse might be run on the present staff of four – that is to say, Mrs。
Clements, the two young girls, and myself。 This might, he appreciated, meanputting sections of the house ‘under wraps’, but would I bring all myexperience and expertise to bear to ensure such losses were kept to a minimum?Recalling a time when I had had a staff of seventeen under me, and knowing hownot so long ago a staff of twenty-eight had been employed here at DarlingtonHall, the idea of devising a staff plan by which the same house would be run ona staff of four seemed, to say the least, daunting。
Although I did my best notto, something of my scepticism must have betrayed itself, for Mr。 Farraday thenadded, as though for reassurance, that were it to prove necessary, then anadditional member of staff could be hired。 But he would be much obliged, herepeated, if I could ‘give it a go with four’。
内容提要：
这段文字讲述了主人公作为管家在职责执行过程中出现一系列小错误的心路历程。主人公开始对这些错误感到困扰，并试图找出原因。最终他意识到，这些错误源于一份有缺陷的员工计划。作为一名管家，制定好的员工计划是其技能的基础。文章还描述了主人公如何尽力满足新雇主的要求，包括招聘新的员工来管理豪宅。尽管面临挑战，主人公还是接受了这个任务，并承诺尽自己最大的努力来完成。
贰
真题解析
1、The company official _____ I thought would befired received a raise.
A. whomB. whoeverC. whoD. of whom
（答案：A。关系代词whom在定语从句中做宾语，修饰先行词official）
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